社会学家韦伯和米塞斯老师庞巴维克的小舅子威塞尔(威塞尔同情费边社会主义)都认为社会主义需要价格机制。韦伯主要是批评维也纳学派的纽拉特的观点 ，即社会主义可以取消货币用实物核算(Naturalrechnung)的办法进行经济计算。
后来米塞斯在1923年的论文《对社会主义经济核算问题的新贡献》(Neue Beiträge Zum Problem der sozialistischen Wirtschaftsrechnung)搜集了他认为基于非劳动价值论并保留价格的两个社会主义经济计算流派——宗教社会主义者Heimann和波兰尼，他是这么描述二者想法的：
Heimann’s picture of the socialist community considers only the current transformation of raw materials into consumers’ goods; it thus creates the impression that the individual departments could proceed independently. Far more important than this part of the productive process is the renewal of capital and the investment of newly-formed capital. This is the central problem of economic calculation, not the problem of disposing of the circirculating capital already in existence. One cannot base decisions of this sort, which are binding for years and decades ahead, on the momentary demand for consumers’ goods. One must look to the future, that is, one must be “speculative.” Heimann’s scheme, which enlarges or restricts production mechanically and automatically, so to speak, according to the present demand for consumers’ goods, fails here entirely. For to solve the problem of value by going back to costs would suffice only for a theoretically conceivable state of equilibrium, imaginatively conceivable but empirically non-existent. Only in such an imaginary state of equilibrium do price and costs coincide, not in a changing economy.
我的问题：
- M.Friedman回应了兰格，他抱怨，试错法的真正问题在于生产资料所有权缺位时，经理人不愿意按最大利润方法上报所需资源。在实行了社会主义之后，如果保留价格(和市场机制)，有权支配生产资料的管理者会不会最终成为这些生产资料的事实所有者(比如柳传志的联想)？企业进行独立核算时如何防止管理者不负责任地浪费投资和损公肥私的道德风险(科斯自称因不满英国战时当局的类似问题而放弃了社会主义信仰)？
- 斯拉法体系基于生产价格展开分析，米塞斯对Heimann的批评是否适用于斯拉法？
